Praxis Institute — Scientific Exploration of Religious Practice
Praxis Institute · est. 2023

Where the evidence leads, principled advocacy follows.

Across the world, core Jewish practices are being challenged, restricted, and in some cases banned — often under the banner of humanitarianism and animal welfare. The Praxis Institute meets these challenges with rigorous science, advocating for fairness and truth on the legal, scientific, and political fronts.

7 Peer-reviewed papers
30+ Scientists & veterinarians
12 Governments engaged
01 The Mission

Science first.
Advocacy follows.

The Praxis Institute was established to defend core Jewish practices at the source — as ethically sound, scientifically defensible, and worthy of protection. Defending these practices on the basis of religious freedom alone has proven insufficient. What is required is a rigorous, evidence-led response.

Our method is consistent across every front on which we work: original peer-reviewed research, principled legal advocacy, and direct engagement with the institutions that shape policy. Two active fronts demand that response today.

02 Front I · Shechita

Safeguarding
shechita.

For more than six decades, a body of largely unchallenged scientific literature has characterized Shechita as inherently inhumane. That narrative is now embedded in the guidance of major regulatory bodies — including the World Organization for Animal Health and the European Food Safety Authority — and has shaped restrictions across Europe.

What began in Europe is no longer confined there. The question is no longer whether Shechita will be challenged, but whether the response will be adequate to the scale of the challenge.

Three coordinated fronts.

Science leads. Where the evidence leads, advocacy follows — across legal, scientific, and regulatory venues, simultaneously and in concert.

I
Scientific Research

Original physiological modeling

Peer-reviewed publication in leading veterinary journals. Systematic reviews exposing the methodological gaps in six decades of prior literature. The foundation on which everything else stands.

II
Legal Advocacy

Standing up for the truth

Federal litigation in Canada. Monitoring and intervention against restrictive proposals in the United States and Europe. Principled defense grounded in the scientific record.

III
International Engagement

Direct dialogue with regulators

Direct engagement with WOAH, EFSA, USDA, and EU institutions. Collaboration with industry partners and animal-welfare stakeholders to reshape the broader policy framework on the basis of evidence.


The science.

Recent peer-reviewed publications, each closing a specific gap in the prior literature.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 2026
Vertebral artery contribution to cerebral cortex perfusion in cattle after slaughter
Closes a long-standing assumption gap on residual blood flow after the incision.
American Journal of Veterinary Research · 2025
Rapid loss of consciousness in cattle following nonstun slaughter
Systematically reviews the evidence on time to insensibility — a central welfare claim.
Canadian Veterinary Journal · 2025
Air embolism: the unknown story in ritual animal slaughter
Identifies a physiological mechanism overlooked in the prior welfare literature.
American Journal of Veterinary Research · 2025
Impact of carotid artery sectioning on cerebral blood flow in bovines
Numerical hemodynamic modeling — the original scientific contribution underpinning the case.

Additional papers published in 2025; further publications planned for 2026, alongside new original research at the Université de Montréal.

03 Front II · Bris Milah

Antwerp is
the front line.

On 18 June 2026, a Belgian pre-trial chamber will decide whether to refer Rabbi Moses Landau and Rabbi Aharon Eckstein — practicing mohelim — to criminal court on charges of intentionally inflicting injuries on minors and unlawful practice of medicine.

If this case proceeds, Bris Milah — performed continuously for more than three thousand years and protected under religious-freedom regimes across the Western world — will be tried as a criminal act of bodily harm against a child. A conviction in Antwerp does not stay in Antwerp.

The Belgian case is the wedge. If Milah is declared bodily harm in Antwerp, the framing migrates — to Brussels, to Strasbourg, and ultimately to every jurisdiction looking for cover to follow.

Three coordinated fronts.

The same principle holds: science leads, and advocacy follows. Standing up for the truth means establishing the evidence record first, then bringing it to the venues where it matters.

I
Scientific

The evidence record

Building on the Shechita scientific working group. The 2026 Morris et al. systematic review establishes a benefit-to-risk ratio greater than 200:1. Working group includes pediatric urologists, infectious-disease specialists, and bioethicists.

II
Legal

Principled defense

Led by Luis Moreno Ocampo (former ICC Chief Prosecutor) with Alan Dershowitz advising on the U.S. dimension. Direct representation of Rabbis Landau and Eckstein in Antwerp; preparatory work for ECtHR and U.S.-based ICERD intervention.

III
International

Human-rights venues

Ludovic Hennebel (UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Aix-Marseille University) leads engagement with UN treaty bodies and the Council of Europe. ICERD pathway under development.

200:1Benefit-to-risk · Morris et al. 2026
Established by the 2026 Morris et al. systematic review — PRISMA-compliant, PROSPERO-registered, drawing on 183 high-quality studies. Up to half of uncircumcised males will experience a foreskin-attributable medical condition over their lifetime.
04 The Team

The people
behind the work.

A coordinated team of thirty-plus physicians, veterinarians, legal scholars, and policy professionals working across nine jurisdictions. Leading counsel includes the former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court and the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law Emeritus at Harvard.

Leadership

Gary Torgow
Chairman
Gary Torgow serves as Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Jewish Federations of North America, the umbrella organization representing nearly 150 federations across the United States and Canada. He is Chairman of Huntington Bank — the 16th-largest bank in the United States, with over $210 billion in assets — and Chairman of Business Leaders for Michigan. A longtime philanthropist and lay leader, he is past President of the Jewish Federation of Detroit and Board President of Yeshiva Beth Yehudah.
Yochanan Herzog
Director
Director of the Praxis Institute and Partner at Noble Pack. Leads day-to-day operations, strategy, and engagement across the Institute's scientific, legal, and international workstreams.

Senior Counsel

Luis Moreno Ocampo
EU & International
Former Chief Prosecutor, International Criminal Court (2003–2012). Lead strategist on the Praxis campaigns.
Alan Dershowitz
United States · pro bono
Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law, Emeritus, Harvard Law School. First-Amendment and religious-liberty litigator.
Ludovic Hennebel
Belgium & UN Human Rights
Professor of International Law, Aix-Marseille University. Member, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Scientific Working Group · 30+ Members

Physicians and veterinarians spanning neurology, cardiovascular medicine, electrophysiology, hemodynamics, bio-modeling, and cognitive sciences. Drawn from leading academic and clinical institutions across North America, Europe, and Israel.

  • Stephane Beaudoin
  • Asher Benchimol
  • Raoul Bonan
  • Bruno CozziUniversità di Padova
  • Andre DesrochersUniversité de Montréal
  • Franco FalconeJustus Liebig Universität Giessen
  • Yoram Finkelstein
  • Robert FisherStanford University
  • Simon Freilich
  • Élie Girsowicz
  • Jacob Hascalovici
  • Sheryl Haut
  • Nofal KhalilNHS
  • Steven Laureys
  • Jeffrey MogilMcGill University
  • Thomas J. Morrison
  • Emmanuel MossMcGill University
  • Stanley Nattel
  • Joane ParentUniversité de Montréal
  • Thomas ParmentierUniversité de Montréal
  • Paolo Pozzi
  • Simon RabkinUniversity of British Columbia
  • Joe Mac RegensteinCornell University
  • Stuart RosenImperial College London
  • Hyman SchipperMcGill University
  • Ronald SchondorfMcGill University
  • Guy St-JeanUniversité de Montréal
  • Giustino Varrassi
  • David VidalPolytechnique Montréal
  • Ruth WoiwodeUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln
  • Kathleen Yvorchuk
  • Ari ZivotofskyBar-Ilan University
Direct Engagement · Organizations

World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) · European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) · United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) · European Commission.

Direct Engagement · Governments

Canada · France · Italy · Hungary · Israel · Australia · Bahrain · Belgium · Qatar · Azerbaijan · United Kingdom · United States.

05 Participate

Stand with this work.

Contributions can be directed through the following partner federations and organizations. Your partnership at this moment is both impactful and deeply meaningful to the wellbeing of the Jewish people worldwide.

Montreal
Federation CJA
Montreal
Congregation Belz
Toronto
COR
Toronto
UJA Federation of Greater Toronto
United States
Orthodox Union (OU)
Get in touch

For inquiries and contributions.

To learn more about the work of the Praxis Institute, to be connected with one of our partner organizations, or to discuss a contribution, please send a note. We will respond personally.

Replies come directly from the Director.